Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and related risk factors of patients with pulmonary embolism after cesarean section, so as to facilitate early clinical identification, intervention and improve prognosis. Methods A total of 31 patients who developed pulmonary embolism (PE) after cesarean section in the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine and the Department of Obstetrics of our hospital from October 2018 to May 2024 were included as the case group (PE group), and 62 patients who did not develop PE during the same period were randomly selected as the control group (non-PE group). The clinical data of the two groups were collected, including: general conditions; PE risk factors (age ≥ 35 years old, pregnancy weight gain ≥ 20 kg, multiple pregnancies, number of pregnancies ≥ 3 times, adverse pregnancy history, prolonged labor ≥ 24 hours, assisted reproductive technology, pregnancy with immune mechanism disorders, severe preeclampsia, postpartum hemorrhage(≥1000 ml)requiring blood transfusion, postpartum infection, hyperlipidemia, preterm birth/fetal death in utero/vaginal assisted delivery, etc.); laboratory tests (pressure venous ultrasound imaging (CUS), pulmonary artery CT angiography (CTPA), hemoglobin (HGB), C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin (ALB), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), troponin I (TNI), D-dimer (D-DIMER), fibrinogen (FBG)). A binary Logistic regression model was used to determine the independent risk factors for PE after cesarean section. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was applied to study the optimal critical value for diagnosing PE after cesarean section and the combined detection efficacy of influencing factors. Results The average onset time of PE after cesarean section was (2.19±2.01) days. After cesarean section, the age, CRP, D-Dimer and Fbg levels in PE group were higher than those in non-PE group, and the positive rate of the incidence of postpartum infection were higher than those in non-PE group, with statistical significance (P＜0.05). After cesarean section, the levels of HGB and ALB in PE group were lower than those in non-PE group, and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). Advanced age(OR=2.233，P=0.020),postpartum infection (OR=1.187，P=0.032) and ALB≤35g/L (OR=3.761，P=0.001) were independent risk factors for PE after cesarean section. The area under ROC curve and 95%CI of combined detection for diagnosing PE after cesarean section were 0.803 (0.716-0.890), and the sensitivity was 90.0%. Conclusion Cesarean section is a high-risk factor for PE. Advanced age,postpartum infection and ALB≤35g/L are independent risk factors for PE after cesarean section. Triple joint detection has a certain predictive value for for PE after cesarean section