Objective To explore the correlation between the health quotient of primiparous women, childbirth fear, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Methods The study included 280 primiparous women who received diagnosis and treatment at the Second People's Hospital of Hefei from June 2022 to March 2024. A general information questionnaire was used to assess the health quotient, fear of childbirth, and post-traumatic stress disorder; univariate and binary logistic regression analyses were used to screen the influencing factors of the fear of childbirth in primigravid women; and Pearson analyses were used to analyze the correlation between the health quotient, fear of childbirth, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Results A total of 30 patients were excluded, and 250 cases were included in the final analysis,of which 101 cases (40.40%) had no or mild fear of childbirth, and 149 cases (59.60%) had moderate or severe fear of childbirth. The scores of health quotient (42.26±5.26), fear of childbirth (43.26±2.53) and post-traumatic stress disorder (56.86±5.43) were obtained in 250 cases. There was a correlation between health quotience and fear of childbirth and post-traumatic stress disorder in primipara patients. There was a negative correlation between health quotience and fear of childbirth (-0.875~-0.211, P<0.05), and a negative correlation between health quotience and fear of childbirth (-0.736~-0.142, P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between fear of childbirth and post-traumatic stress disorder (0.187-0.658, P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that abnormal placenta status, working status, use of labor analgesia, pregnancy complications, health quotient and post-traumatic stress disorder were independent risk factors for fear of labor in primipara, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion There is a correlation between fitness quotient and fear of childbirth and post-traumatic stress disorder among primigravid women. Improving the fitness quotient of primigravid women can alleviate the fear of childbirth, promote the primigravid women to better adapt to the process of childbirth, and help to prevent the occurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder