Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets and close contact. COVID-19 has exerted a profound impact on public health systems, socioeconomic stability, and human well-being. Current variants of the novel coronavirus exhibit reduced virulence compared to the original strain and Delta variant yet demonstrate enhanced transmissibility. They continue to pose significant threats to vulnerable populations including the elderly, pregnant women, children, and immunocompromised individuals, who remain key focus groups for COVID-19 prevention and control. This expert consensus focuses on these high-risk population, emphasizing antiviral treatment stratified based on disease severity and progression factors. Jointly developed under the leadership of the Infectious Diseases Professional Committee of the Sichuan Medical Association and the Infectious Diseases Professional Committee of the Sichuan Rehabilitation Medical Association, this consensus represents the outcome of extensive discussions among multidisciplinary experts in infectious diseases across Sichuan Province. It aims to provide guidance and reference for medical institutions at all levels to standardize the prevention and control of COVID-19 among these special populations