Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of silencing circular RNA (circ)_079813 on the osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells. Methods Human dental pulp stem cells were cultured and divided into the Control group (untreated control group), Model group (osteogenic differentiation induced cells as model group), Model+sicirc_079813-NC group (transfected with negative control siRNA targeting circ_079813 under osteogenic differentiation induction), Model+sicirc_079813 group (transfected with recombinant plasmid of siRNA targeting circ_079813 under osteogenic differentiation induction), Model+sicirc_079813+miR-inhibitor group (co-transfected with recombinant plasmid of siRNA targeting circ_079813 and inhibitor of microRNA (miR)-642b-5p under osteogenic differentiation induction), Model+sicirc_079813+miR-inhibitor-NC group (co-transfected with recombinant plasmid of siRNA targeting circ_079813 and negative control of miR-642b-5p inhibitor under osteogenic differentiation induction). Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression of circ_079813 and miR-642b-5p in each group. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay verified the targeted binding of circ_079813 and miR-642b-5p. Cell proliferation activity was assessed using CCK-8 assay. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to measure alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and Alizarin Red staining was used to evaluate osteogenic differentiation capacity of cells in each group. Western blot analysis was conducted to evaluate the protein expression of key proteins in the Wnt signaling pathway including Wnt5a, β-catenin, receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (ROR2), as well as osteogenic differentiation-related proteins runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and osteocalcin (OCN). Results Compared to the Control group, the relative expression of circ_079813 was downregulated in the Model group, while the relative expression of miR-642b-5p, Wnt5a, β-catenin, ROR2, RUNX2, and OCN was upregulated, cell proliferation activity, ALP activity, and Alizarin Red staining rate were also increased in the Model group (all P＜0.05). Dual luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed that miR-642b-5p was the direct target of circ_079813. Compared to the Model+sicirc_079813-NC group, the Model+sicirc_079813 group showed downregulation of circ_079813 expression, while miR-642b-5p and other protein expressions were upregulated, cell proliferation activity, ALP activity, and Alizarin Red staining rate were increased in the Model+sicirc_079813 group (all P＜0.05). Compared to the Model+sicirc_079813+miR-inhibitor-NC group, the Model+sicirc_079813+miR-inhibitor group exhibited downregulation of miR-642b-5p and other protein expressions. Additionally, cell proliferation activity, ALP activity, and Alizarin Red staining rate were decreased in the Model+sicirc_079813+miR-inhibitor group (all P＜0.05). Conclusion Silencing circ_079813 targets activation of miR-642b-5p to upregulate the Wnt pathway and promote the osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells