Objective The constituents absorbed into blood of Piwei Peiyuan Pills formulas were analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. By comparing with 10 chemical standards, the material basis of the pharmacodynamic effects of Piwei Peiyuan Pills formulas were explored for the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis in rats. Methods UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS was used for the analysis and the AgtQual software was used to analyze the experimental results. By comparing retention time, accurate relative molecular mass, secondary ion mass spectrometry and according to the literature, the blood-entering components of Piwei Peiyuan Pills formulas were initially analyzed and identified. Results A total of 3 components were identified into the blood, all of which were prototype components, namely, paeoniflorin, glucoside isoflavone and onononin, respectively from Paeoniae alba, Astragalus and licorice. Conclusion In this study, the constituents absorbed into blood of Piwei Peiyuan Pills formulas were analyzed, which initially elucidated the pharmacological material basis of it for the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis in rats, which may provide basis for its subsequent research