Syringomyelia is associated with congenital developmental abnormalities, such as Chiari malformation, trauma, surgery, tumors, infections, and other factors. Based on the etiology of syringomyelia, it can be classified into two categories: idiopathic and secondary. Secondary syringomyelia can further be categorized into communicating syringomyelia, non-communicating syringomyelia, atrophic syringomyelia, and traumatic syringomyelia based on imaging findings. The management of recurrent and idiopathic cases often involves the use of a syringomyelia shunt. For secondary cases of syringomyelia, treatment primarily focuses on addressing underlying causes such as correcting craniocervical junction malformations, relieving cerebrospinal fluid obstructions，or removing the intraspinal cord tumors. In recent years significant advancements have been made in both clinical and basic research related to the understanding of this condition. This study aims to investigate the progress made in clinical classification, diagnosis techniques and treatment strategies for patients with syringomyelia