Head and neck cancer (HNC) is characterized by complex anatomy, diverse pathological types, and heterogeneous treatment modalities. Conventional clinical staging falls short in meeting the demands of precision medicine, creating an urgent need for multi-dimensional information integration to optimize diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Radiomics, by integrating various imaging modalities (such as structural, functional, and molecular imaging), can extract intrinsic biological information and convert it into high-dimensional quantitative features. These features can be linked to clinical outcomes such as prognosis, treatment response, and toxicity, thereby facilitating precise diagnosis, accurate staging, individualized decision-making, and toxicity management in HNC. This article reviews recent advances in radiomics research for head and neck tumors, discusses its clinical value, technical challenges, and future directions