Objective To explore whether there was an association between dietary inflammation status and occurrence of chronic inflammation and malnutrition in male patients with renal failure (RF) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Methods MHD male patients with RF in the hospital were selected from March 2022 to March 2023 as the research subjects (n=145), and were divided into pro-inflammatory diet group (n=74) and anti-inflammatory diet group (n=71) according to the dietary inflammation index. The general data, nutritional indicators［(Serum Albumin, Alb)、(haemoglobin, Hb)、(Transferrin, TRF)、(Prealbumin, PA)］, serum inflammatory indexes［(Neutrophil / Lymphocyte Ratio, NLR)、(Monocyte / Lymphocyte Ratio, MLR)、(Platelet/Albumin Ratio, PAR)、（Hypersensitive C-reactive protein, hs-CRP）、（Tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α）、（Interleukin 6, IL-6）］ and nutritional risk assessment status ［subjective global assessment (SGA)］ were compared between groups. Spearman analysis was used to analyze the correlation of dietary inflammation status with each inflammatory index and each item score of SGA scale. Results There were no statistical differences in related clinical data between both groups (P＞0.05). All nutritional indicators were higher in the anti-inflammatory diet group than in the pro-inflammatory diet group (P＜0.05), The NLR, MLR, hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-6 in the anti-inflammatory diet group were significantly lower than those in the pro-inflammatory diet group (P＜0.05), but the platelet-to-Alb ratio (PAR) revealed no statistical significance between the two groups (P＞0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that dietary inflammation status was positively correlated with inflammatory indexes of NLR, MLR, hs-CRP, TNF-α and IL-6 (P＜0.05). The total score of SGA was lower in the anti-inflammatory diet group than that in the pro-inflammatory diet group. The scores of items of body weight change, diet change, gastrointestinal symptoms, activity ability, subcutaneous fat consumption degree and muscle consumption degree of SGA scale were lower in comparison with the pro-inflammatory diet group (P＜0.05). Spearman correlation analysis suggested that dietary inflammation was positively correlated with detection items in nutritional level (P＜0.05). Conclusion Dietary inflammation status is associated with chronic inflammation and malnutrition in male patients with MHD and RF. Reducing the dietary inflammation index of patients provides a therapeutic direction for clinically reducing the incidence rates of chronic inflammation and malnutrition in male MHD patients with RF