Objective To analyze the changes of peripheral blood soluble triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells (sTREM-1), procalcitonin (PCT) and neutrophil (NEU), and their relationship with prognosis of patients with cirrhosis and ascites infection.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 98 patients with cirrhosis ascites in the hospital from June 2020 to June 2023. According to presence or absence of ascites infection, they were divided into infection group (n=45) and non-infection group (n=53). According to relevant efficacy criteria after 1 month of antibiotics treatment, patients in infection group were divided into deterioration group and improvement group. The differences in peripheral blood sTREM-1, PCT and NEU were compared between infection group and non-infection group, and between deterioration group and improvement group. The value of sTREM-1, PCT, NEU and combined detection in the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of cirrhosis and ascites infection was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.Results The levels of peripheral blood sTREM-1, PCT and NEU in infection group were higher than those in non-infection group (P＜0.05). The results of ROC curves analysis showed that AUC values of sTREM-1, PCT, NEU and combined detection in the diagnosis of ascites infection were 0.958, 0.875, 0.903 and 0.994, all showing certain diagnostic value (P＜0.05). According to different outcomes, 45 patients in infection group were divided into improvement group (n=28) and deterioration group (n=17). The levels of peripheral blood sTREM-1, PCT and NEU in deterioration group were higher than those in improvement group (P＜0.05). The results of ROC curves analysis showed that AUC values of sTREM-1, PCT, NEU and combined detection for predicting prognosis of ascites infection in patients with cirrhosis were 0.910, 0.825, 0.886 and 0.954, all showing certain predictive value (P＜0.05). Conclusion The levels of peripheral blood sTREM-1, PCT and NEU are significantly increased in patients with cirrhosis and ascites infection, which all have certain value for disease diagnosis and prognosis prediction. The application value of combined detection is higher