Objective To observe the effect of combined treatment of bifid triple viable powder and double-sided blue light irradiation on neonatal pathological jaundice, and analyze its influence on biochemical indexes and behavioral nerve function of children. Methods 104 cases of neonatal pathological jaundice admitted from January 2022 to December 2023 were randomly divided into two groups by random number table method. The control group was given conventional treatment (double-sided blue light + Yinzhihuang), and the study group was additionally treated with Bifid Triple Viable Bacteria Powder. The clinical efficacy, phototherapy time, jaundice recovery time, red blood cell distribution width, inflammation, biochemical indicators and behavioral nerve score (NBNA) and treatment safety were observed after treatment. Results Compared with the control group, the clinical efficacy of the study group was significantly higher(P<0.05). The phototherapy time and yellowing time of study group were significantly shorter after treatment(P<0.05). The levels of red blood cell distribution width (RDW-SD), neutrophil/lymphocyte (NLR), total bilirubin/albumin (B/A), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) were significantly lower in the study group after treatment (P<0.05). After treatment, the NBNA scores of the two groups at different time points were different (P<0.05), the NBNA scores of the study group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05), and the rising trend of NBNA scores in the study group was different from that of the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the incidence of adverse reactions in the study group was significantly lower (P<0.05).Conclusion The combined treatment of bifidus triple viable powder and double-sided blue light irradiation can shorten phototherapy time and jaundice time, improve RDW, NLR, B/A, ALT, CK-MB index level and behavior nerve function, thus contributing to improve clinical efficacy and treatment safety