Objective To investigate the clinical significance of NLRP 3 inflammasome-related factors in the occurrence and development of IMN by observing the expression levels of NLRP 3 inflammasome-related factor NLR family Pyrin domain protein 3 (NLRP 3), apoptosis-related spot-like protein (ASC), aspartate proteollase-1 (Caspase-1), and pyroptosis critical protein (GSDMD) in renal tissue of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN). Methods In this study, 59 patients, initially diagnosed with IMN in The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College from June 2020 to December 2022, were selected as the IMN group (IMN group).During the same period, 20 patients who underwent some healthy renal tissue resection due to ureteral tumor, renal tumor or renal contusion were selected for the normal control group(NC group). General clinical data and biochemical related indicators were collected in the IMN and NC groups. The expression of NLRP 3, ASC, caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1βand IL-18 factors in kidney tissue were observed. Pearson correlation between NLRP 3 inflammasome related factors and its correlation with clinical indicators, and divided the IMN group into 34 patients in fibrosis group and 25 patients without fibrosis group, we observed the relationship between NLRP 3 inflammasome and renal tissue fibrosis. Results In the comparison of the expression of NLRP 3, ASC, caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1 β, and IL-18 factors, IMN group was significantly higher than NC group (P<0.05);The IMN fibrosis group was stronger than the group without fibrosis (P<0.05). The expression of NLRP 3, ASC, caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1 β and IL-18 factors was negatively correlated with their ALB levels in the renal tissue of IMN patients (P＜0.05); a positive correlation with the 24h-Upro level, TC level and TG(P＜0.05). There was no correlation with HB, Scr, BUN, Cys-C, UA, or eGFR levels (P＞0.05). Conclusion The expression level of NLRP 3 inflammasome-related factors increases significantly in IMN renal tissue, and the factors influence each other, causing renal tissue injury and fibrosis, and participate in the occurrence and development of IMN