As one of the most common malignant tumors in our country, esophageal cancer has been the focus of clinical and scientific research. The early symptoms of esophageal cancer are not typical, so most patients are already in an advanced state at the time of treatment, thus losing valuable surgical opportunities. For patients with advanced esophageal cancer, comprehensive treatment programs (such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, etc.) are often used to control tumor progression in clinical protocol. In recent years, immunotherapy has been widely used in the treatment of various malignant tumors. For esophageal cancer, immunotherapy has gradually become the standard treatment. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy is expected to improve the therapeutic effect of tumor and bring a new dawn for patients. Imaging examination plays an important role in the diagnosis, evaluation of curative effect and follow-up for patients of esophageal cancer, and is a promising examination method. Therefore, this article will discuss the research progress of neoadjuvant immunotherapy for esophageal cancer and discuss its imaging evaluation