Objective To investigate the effect of dexamethasone on the prevention of short-term recurrence of primary intussusception in children after successful ultrasound-guided hydrostatic reduction. Methods According to the inclusion criteria, children diagnosed with primary intussusception and successfully restored by hydrostatic irrigation under ultrasound guidance from January 2021 to September 2022 in Suining Central Hospital were randomly divided into observation group and control group. The control group was given abstinence, fasting, fluid rehydration and intravenous infusion of anisodamine. The observation group was given intravenous dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection 0.3mg/Kg on the basis of conventional treatment in the control group. The recurrence of intussusception in the short term (12h, 24h, 48h, 72h) after hydraulic enema and the inflammation indexes before and after enema were compared between the two groups. Results A total of 240 children were included in the analysis, of which 120 were in the observation group and 120 were in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference in baseline characteristics between the two groups. The short-term recurrence rate in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in inflammatory indexes(leukocyte, neutrophil absolute value, neutrophil ratio C-reactive protein and procalcitonin) between the two groups before enema (P＞0.05), while C-reactive protein and procalcitoninin the observation group were lower than that in the control group 72 hours after enema, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Dexamethasone can inhibit inflammatory response and promote the regression of inflammation and edema, and can reduce the short-term recurrence rate of children with intussusception after successful reduction by ultrasound-guided hydraulic enema, which is worthy of clinical promotion