Objective To study the relationship between monocyte chemoattractant protein factor-1 (MCP-1), von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease (vWF-cp) and glucocorticoids glucocorticoid-regulated protein kinase 1 (GK1) and vascular calcification in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods The clinical data of 127 MHD patients admitted to 4 hospitals from January 2019 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, and they were set as the study group, and according to the presence or absence of vascular calcification, they were divided into the calcification group (n= 51), non-calcified group (n=76). At the same time, 86 healthy subjects with physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group. The levels of MCP-1, vWF-cp and GK1 were compared, and the factors affecting vascular calcification in MHD patients were analyzed. Results The levels of MCP-1 and GK1 in the study group were higher than those in the control group, while the level of vWF-cp was lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05). The levels of MCP-1 and GK1 in the calcified group were higher than those in the non-calcified group, while the level of vWF-cp was lower than that in the non-calcified group (P＜0.05). Gender, hypertension, diabetes and other factors were not the single factors affecting vascular calcification in MHD patients (P＞0.05), while age, dialysis age, serum calcium, calcium-phosphorus product, smoking history, MCP-1, vWF-cp, and GK1 were the single factors affecting vascular calcification in MHD patients (P＜0.05). Unconditional multivariate logistic regression model analysis showed that age, dialysis age, serum calcium, calcium-phosphorus product, MCP-1, vWF-cp, GK1 were independent risk factors for vascular calcification in MHD patients (P＜0.05). Conclusion MHD patients are usually accompanied by increased levels of MCP-1 and GK1, and decreased levels of vWF-cp, and MCP-1, vWF-cp, and GK1 are the influencing factors of vascular calcification, and clinically, targeted intervention can be carried out according to its level changes to prevent the occurrence of vascular calcification