Objective To investigate the correlation between IL-10-1082G/A gene polymorphism and the risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Methods 83 cases of ARDS patients admitted to intensive care Department of our hospital from January 2022 to December 2022 were selected as ARDS group, and 80 healthy subjects were selected as control group. Fasting venous blood of the subjects was collected for DNA extraction, and the IL-10-1082G/A gene locus was amplified by PCR. ABI 3730XL genetic analyzer was used for Sanger sequencing to determine the genotype and allele frequency of IL-10-1082A/G. Results IL-10-1082A/G showed a 390bp gene fragment and allele-specific fragments of 249bp and 196bp. The genotypes of IL-10-1082A/G included wild homozygous AA genotype, mutant homozygous GG genotype and mutant heterozygous AG genotype. The observed values and expected values of IL-10-1082A/G genotypes in the control group and ARDS group were χ2 test, which was consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium law. Compared with the control group, the frequencies of AG, GG and G alleles at IL-10-1082A/G sites in ARDS group were significantly increased (P＜0.05). AG genotype at IL-10-1082A/G was more susceptible to ARDS than AA patients (OR=2.97, 95%CI=1.09-6.53, P=0.015). The susceptibility of allele G to ARDS was increased (OR=2.16, 95%CI=1.01-6.93, P=0.024). Adjusted factors such as gender, age, BMI and smoking history were included in the multivariate Logistic analysis, and the results showed that, The AG genotype (OR=3.13, 95%CI=1.19-4.52, P=0.009) and the G allele (OR=2.39, 95%CI=1.42-5.87,P=0.036) at the IL-10-1082A/G locus also increased susceptibility to ARDS. Conclusion The polymorphism of IL-10-1082A/G site is related to the susceptibility of ARDS, especially the AG genotype and G allele of co-dominant IL-10-1082A/G site may increase the risk of ARDS