Objective To explorie the clinical efficacy of recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor in acute radiation proctitis caused by cervical cancer radiotherapy.Methods Analyze 60 patients with cervical cancer and acute radiation proctitis who underwent radiotherapy in our hospital from January 2021 to June 2022. Randomly divide into experimental group and control group. The control group was given 100 mL of 0.9% NaCl injection+100 mL of metronidazole sodium chloride injection+10 mg of dexamethasone, while the experimental group was given 100 mL of 0.9% NaCl injection+100 mL of metronidazole sodium chloride injection+10 mg of dexamethasone+GM-CSF 150 μg. All patients underwent retention enema. Results The patients in both groups improved after symptomatic treatment, with an improvement rate of 100%; The cure rates of the two groups were 73% (22/30) vs 60% (18/30), respectively（χ22=1.20, P=0.412). The time required for symptom improvement in the experimental group and control group was （7.60 ± 2.17 ）days vs （8.83 ± 1.60） days, respectively, with significant differences between the two groups (t-value=4.470, P=0.039). On the 7th day of treatment, there was a difference in CRP values between the two groups (t=6.795, P=0.012), and the experimental group had a greater advantage. The SOMA scale was used to score patients before and after enema, and the scores of bloody stools, diarrhea, urgency, weight, and abdominal pain after enema were significantly lower in the two group compared to before enema (all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in symptom scores between the two group before and after medication administration (all P>0.05). Both groups of treatments were well tolerated and there were no serious treatment related toxic side effects.Conclusion Recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor combined with retention enema can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of patients with acute radiation enteritis and shorten the treatment time, which can be used as a new method to treat acute radiation enteritis