Malignant brain metastasis occurs when primary tumor cells infiltrate the brain tissue via the bloodstream or lymphatic system, where they proliferate and form secondary lesions. This condition poses a significant clinical challenge for patients with malignancies, often being the primary cause of intracranial metastases. This article aims to review the most recent development in understanding the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of brain metastases from malignant tumors, offering valuable insights to clinicians navigating the diagnosis and management of affected patients