Objective To evaluate the changes of serum troponin I (cTnI), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and uric acid (UA) levels in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) of different New York Heart Association (NYHA) grading, and analyze their association with prognosis and outcomes. Methods The clinical data of 95 patients with CHF admitted to the hospital from January 2020 to January 2022 were collected, including 29 cases of NYHA grade II (grade II group), 38 cases of grade III (grade III group) and 28 cases of grade IV (grade IV group). The levels of serum cTnI, NT-proBNP and UA among the three groups were compared. The correlation between cardiac function and serum cTnI, NT-proBNP and UA levels in patients with CHF was analyzed. The changes of serum cTnI, NT-proBNP and UA levels were evaluated among patients with CHF during re-examination at 1 month after discharge. The occurrence of cardiovascular endpoint events at 12 months after discharge was compared between patients with and without elevated serum cTnI, NT-proBNP and UA levels in a short time period (1 month after discharge). Results There were no statistically significant differences in baseline data such as gender, age and disease history among the three groups (P＞0.05). The left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and levels of serum cTnI, NT-proBNP and UA in grade II group, grade III group and grade IV group were significantly increased in turn while the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was significantly decreased, and the differences were statistically significant between any two groups (P＜0.05). Pearson correlation coefficient analysis showed that serum cTnI, NT-proBNP and UA levels in patients with CHF were significantly positively correlated with LVEDD (P＜0.05), and were significantly negatively correlated with LVEF (P＜0.05). At 1 month after discharge, serum levels of cTnI, NT-proBNP, and UA in patients with CHF were significantly lower than those on the next day of admission (P＜0.05), but cTnI, NT-proBNP and UA increased by＞20% in 4.21%, 7.37% and 30.53% respectively. 72 of 95 patients with CHF were followed up for 12 months after discharge, including 31 cases (43.06%) with cardiovascular endpoint events. There was no statistical difference in the incidence rate of cardiovascular endpoint events at 12 months after discharge between patients with and without short-term elevations of serum cTnI and NT-proBNP (P＞0.05). The incidence rate of cardiovascular endpoint events at 12 months after discharge in patients with short-term serum UA elevation was significantly higher than that in patients without elevation (P＜0.05), and the survival time in patients without cardiovascular endpoint events was significantly lower than that in patients without elevation (P＜0.05). Conclusion The levels of serum cTnI, NT-proBNP and UA at admission are related to the cardiac function grading in patients with CHF. Patients with short-term elevation of serum UA have a higher risk of cardiovascular endpoint events