Objective To analyze the pathogenic bacteria characteristics and risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) complicated with pulmonary infection. Methods The clinical data of 310 patients with CKD admitted to the Department of Nephrology, Jiangbei Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University from October 2021 to September 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the occurrence of lung infection, 104 cases were divided into infection group and 206 cases were not infected group. The distribution of pathogenic bacteria in pulmonary infection group was analyzed; Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the independent risk factors affecting the occurrence of pulmonary infection in patients with CKD. Results A total of 90 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from pulmonary infection group, among which Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 66.67% (mainly Klebsiella pneumoniae 23.33%); Logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥65 years old, pleural effusion, number of underlying diseases, invasive procedures, hypoproteinemia and anemia were all risk factors for pulmonary infection in CKD patients (P＜0.05).Conclusion The pathogenic bacteria in patients with CKD complicated with lung infection are mainly Gram-negative bacteria. Attention should be paid to patients with CKD who are older or older than 65 years old, have more underlying diseases, have pleural effusion, hypoproteinemia, anemia and have invasive procedures and other risk factors, and targeted measures can be taken to prevent the occurrence of lung infection