Abstract:Objective Study on survival benefit of PD-1 inhibitor after treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma based on immune scoring model of immune cell infiltration. Methods Download the gene expression data of 120 cases of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and 6 cases of normal liver tissues and relevant clinial parameters of patients. The infiltration of 22 kinds of immune cells in tumor tissue was calculated by Cibersort software. Key predictors were screened through LASSO analysis. The eligible immune cells were used to construct the prognostic survival score model. The patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma were divided into high risk group(n=83) and low risk group(n=37), and verified by Kaplan-Meier survival curve. Based on the risk model, a nomograph model was established to predict the death probability of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. The discrimination, accuracy and reliability of the model are evaluated. Results Compared with normal tissues, the contents of activated dendritic cells, resting dendritic cells, M1 macrophages and M0 macrophages in tumor tissues of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma were higher; The content of resting mast cells, activated mast cells, neutrophils and M2 macrophages were low.According to 6 infiltrating immune cells, the risk score of the sample was calculated. With the increase of risk score, the number of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in the high-risk group increased and the number of deaths increased. The survival curve results showed that the total survival time of high-risk patients was significantly lower than that of low-risk patients (Log-Rank χ2=4.327,P<0.001). The total score of the prognostic nomogram model was 303, and the corresponding risk of death was 71%. The model validation results show that the nomograph model has high discrimination, accuracy and reliability. Conclusion PD-1 inhibitor treatment may benefit the survival of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, and the immune score model based on immune fine infiltration has certain predictive value for the survival benefit of patients