Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), which is frequently seen in the elderly, is characterized by the triad of gait disturbance, cognitive impairment and urinary incontinence, and is associated with ventricular enlargement but normal cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Early diagnosis and identification can effectively improve symptoms through cerebrospinal fluid shunt surgery. However, due to the complexity of diagnosis, iNPH is easily missed and misdiagnosed clinically. In the past two decades, the diagnosis and treatment methods of iNPH have been continuously updated and improved, promoting standard diagnosis and treatment and helping to improve the quality of life of patients. Aiming to provide clinical reference for the diagnosis and treatment of iNPH, this article reviews the epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment status of it, as well as new findings and perspectives