Objective To study the expression level of SND1 gene in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its effect on malignant biological behavior of esophageal cancer cells. Methods qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the changes of translation and transcription levels of SND1 in ESCC cell lines. The ESCC cell line model with stable interference of SND1 was constructed by sh-SND1 virus vector, and the effects of SND1 gene on the proliferation, metastasis and apoptosis of ESCC cells were studied by cell biology methods such as clone formation, Transwell chamber and flow cytometry.The effect of SND1 gene on ESCC cells in vivo was studied by animal experiments. Results The results of qRT-PCR and Western blot showed that the transcription and translation level of SND1 in ESCC cells was higher than that in normal human esophageal epithelial cells. After culture, dyeing, photographing and statistical analysis of cell phenotype experimental data, the results show that interfering with SND1 gene expression can significantly inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of ESCC cells. Interference with SND1 expression inhibits the proliferation of esophageal cancer cells in vivo. The results of chemosensitivity test showed that the sensitivity of esophageal cancer cells to CPT increased and the apoptosis rate increased significantly in SND1 interference group. Conclusion The expression of SND1 is up-regulated in esophageal cancer cells and promotes the malignant biological behavior of esophageal cancer cells