Objective To investigate the anticancer effect of muscone (MUS) on pancreatic cancer and its effect on NLRP3 inflammatory body pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT). Methods PANC1 cells were divided into 0 μM group, 0.1 μM group, 0.5 μM group, 1 μM group, 2 μM group and 4 μM group according to the different concentration of muscone treatment. The growth inhibition rate and half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) were measured by MTT method, apoptosis was detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, and cell migration and invasion were measured by Transwell. The protein expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, MMP2, MMP9, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, NLRP3, caspase-1 and ASC were measured by Western blot. The transplanted tumor model was established by subcutaneous injection of PANC1 cells into BALB/c male nude mice, and then the nude mice were randomly divided into control group and MUS group (n=6). The nude mice in control group were injected intraperitoneally with 100 μL 1% DMSO, and the nude mice in MUS group were injected intraperitoneally with 100 μL MUS solution (20 mg/kg). The volume and weight of tumor were measured 21 days after administration. Results Compared with 0 μM group, the growth inhibition rate and apoptosis rate of PANC1 cells in 0.1 μM group, 0.5 μM group, 1 μM group, 2 μM group and 4 μM group increased gradually, and the expression level of Bax protein increased gradually, while the expression level of Bcl-2 protein decreased gradually (〖WTBX〗P〖WTBZ〗<0.05). Compared with 0 μM group, the number of migration and invasion cells in 0.1 μM group, 0.5 μM group, 1 μM group, 2 μM group and 4 μM group decreased gradually, and the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 protein decreased gradually (P<0.05). Compared with 0 μM group, the expression level of E-cadherin protein in 0.1 μM group, 0.5 μM group, 1 μM group, 2 μM group and 4 μM group increased gradually, while the expression level of N-cadherin and Vimentin protein decreased gradually, and the expression level of NLRP3, caspase-1 and ASC protein decreased gradually (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the tumor volume and weight of nude mice in MUS group decreased, and the protein expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1 and ASC in tumor tissue decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion Muscone has a good anti-pancreatic cancer effect, and muscone may exert its anticancer effect by inhibiting EMT mediated by NLRP3 inflammatory body pathway