Objective To investigate the methods of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) model establishment in Sprague-Dawley（SD） rats.Methods Nine normal SD rats were randomly divided into three groups, with different amounts of Aspergillus spore suspension instilled intratracheally in groups A and B, and normal saline instilled in group C.Results The body weight of group A was significantly decreased (P＜0.05) after inoculation compared with that before inoculation, group B showed a decreasing trend but no significant difference (P＞0.05), and group C showed a significant increase (P＜0.05) in body weight after inoculation compared with that before inoculation. In group A, the number of peripheral leukocytes increased significantly on days 5 and 8 after vaccination compared with before vaccination (P＜0.05),in group B, the leukocyte number showed a tendency to increase but did not differ significantly (P＞0.05), and in group C, the leukocyte number did not change significantly (P＞0.05)A, B lung tissue culture was positive for Aspergillus fumigatus and the pathology showed a strong acute inflammatory response, and group C lung tissue culture was negative and the pathology was free of acute inflammatory response and Aspergillus filaments and spores.Conclusion Single intratracheal infusion of Aspergillus fumigatus spore suspension (concentration 1×109 cfu/mL) can stably establish an IPA model in normal SD rats