Abstract:Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is the most common chronic lung disease in preterm infants, with a complex etiology and pathogenesis that is not fully defined. In the last decade, the lung microbes and bronchopulmonary dysplasia have received widespread attention as the lungs have been shown to have their own unique lung microbiota. This paper comments on the establishment of the lung microbiome and its influencing factors, the association between the lung microbiome and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and discusses the future research directions