Objective To explore the application value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in assessing the patency of artificial blood vessels after superior vena cava resection and replacement surgery. Methods From January 2021 to October 2022, an analysis is conducted on 42 patients who underwent superior vena cava resection and artificial vessel replacement surgery at West China Hospital of Sichuan University. With the consent of the patients, MRI and Computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the superior vena cava are performed. Subjective and objective evaluation of MR vascular images. Using CTA images as the reference standard, measure the length of artificial blood vessels, the diameter and width of the artificial blood vessel at the port, middle and tail ends, consistency analysis of measurement values between two scanning methods using Bland Altman plots.Results 52 artificial blood vessels are replaced in 42 patients. The average image quality score of the MR group is ［(4.53±0.50)］ slightly lower than that of the CTA group ［(4.94±0.24)］. The difference between MR and CT obtain from Bland-Altman diagram follows normal distribution,and the two methods have good consistency. Conclusion MRI can obtain good artificial vascular imaging without radiation and contrast agents, which has important clinical application value for the patency of artificial blood vessel