Objective To explore the relationship between respiratory tract bacteria, antibiotics and recurrent wheezing in children with bronchiolitis. Methods The sputum culture results and antibiotic use of 100 children in 2017 hospitalized with bronchiolitis were retrospectively analyzed. In December 2020, parents of the patients were asked whether their child had recurrent wheezing in the past three years, and they were divided into recurrent wheezing group (RW group) and non-recurrent wheezing group (non-RW group). The data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 5. Results In this study, there were no statistical differences in gender, age, and allergy history / family history of allergic disease between the two groups. The difference of positive sputum culture with negative antibiotic use between the two groups was significant (OR=5.80,95%CI 1.19~28.39,P=0.04). No significant difference in bacteria colonization/infection and antibiotics between RW and non-RW groups were found (P>0.05). In addition, there was no statistical difference in the detection rate of gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, lactamase antibiotics, and macrolide antibiotics between the two groups(P>0.05). Conclusion In children with bronchiolitis, respiratory bacterial colonization or infection may not affect recurrent wheezing in the future, but when sputum culture is positive, antibiotics may reduce the chance of recurrent wheezing in the future and reduce the incidence of asthma