To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and the current status of anticoagulation therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation(AF), and provide a reference basis for promoting and standardizing the anticoagulant therapy in patients with AF. Methods We extracted data on outpatients with AF in the First People’s Hospital of Yulin from January 2018 to December 2018 by prescription automatic screening system (PASS ) and outpatient medical records system, the clinical date including baseline clinical characteristics, coexistent disease, concomitant medications and antithrombotic drugs. The enrolled patients were divided into stroke group and non-stroke group according to their hostory of strake, and patients were divided into valvular atrial fibrillation group, NVAF stroke group and NVAF non-stroke group according to the etiology of atrial fibrillation. The stroke risk of patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) was evaluated by CHA2DS2-VASc score. According to the relevant diagnosis and treatment guidelines for AF, the clinical characteristics and actual application of antithrombotic drugs was analyzed, and the rationality of the anticoagulant regimen were evaluated.Results A total of 851 patients were enrolled in this study, the mean age of these patients was (66.4±12.4 )years. The five top-ranked coexistent disease were heart failure(56.2%), hypertension(40.7%), coronary heart disease(32.1%), hyperlipidemia(15.3%) and diabetes(10.0%).About 80.7% AF patients were diagnosed with NVAF, and 18.9％ had stroke history. The overall anticoagulant rate was 62.3% and the antiplatelet rate was 17.9%. 47.7% of patients receiving anticoagulation therapy used new oral anticoagulants(NOAC). The anticoagulation rate of the valvular atrial fibrillation group was 76.2%, higher than the NVAF group (P＜0.001). When CHA2DS2-VASc scores of NVAF patients were 0 to 5, the anticoagulation rate showed a relatively high level. When the scores were≥6, the anticoagulation rate was in decline. The antiplatelet ratio increased gradually with increased scores. 50.1％ of enrolled patients were either inadequately treated, over-treated, or un-treated. Conclusion Patients with NVAF are the main type of patients with AF. The rate of anticoagulation therapy in patients with AF is still low at present, and the treatment is extremely irregular. Positive measures should be taken to improve the reasonable rate of anticoagulation therapy