To explore the relationship between clinical characteristics of dynamic contrast-enhanced CT scan and pathological types in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods A total of 168 patients with NSCLC admitted to the hospital were enrolled from January 2020 to December 2021. According to different pathological types, they were divided into adenocarcinoma group (n=127) and squamous carcinoma group (n=41). Both groups underwent CT plain scan and dynamic contrast-enhanced CT scan. The changes of CT value, enhancement modes, net value added of enhancement, enhancement rate, relative clearance value and clearance rate between the two groups were compared. Results With time, CT values in both groups were increased first and then decreased, which are the greatest within 90-180s. The adenocarcinoma was mostly enhanced, and squamous carcinoma was mostly heterogeneously enhanced, and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in net value added of enhancement or enhancement rate between the two groups (P＞0.05). After 180s and 300s delayed scan, there was no significant difference in relative clearance value or clearance rate between the two groups (P＞0.05). After 600s delayed scan, the relative clearance value and clearance rate in squamous carcinoma were higher than those in adenocarcinoma (P＜0.05). Conclusion There are certain differences in clinical characteristics of dynamic contrast-enhanced CT scan among NSCLC patients, which can provide reference for clinical identification between adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma