To investigate the rehabilitation status of patients undergiong total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and use Logistic regression equation to analyze its influencing factors. Methods A prospective study of 300 patients with moderate to severe KOA who received TKA from January 2017 to December 2020 was enrolled. The patients were grouped according to their recovery within 6 months after receiving treatment, and patient data were collected. Univariate and multivariate Logistic analysis was used to explore the factors affecting the recovery of KOA patients after TKA treatment. Results Among the 300 patients who underwent surgery, 59 had a poor prognosis. Logistic analysis showed that the postoperative prognosis of KOA patients treated with TKA was affected by factors such as age, BMI, type of anesthesia, postoperative complications, whether professional functional training was performed, preoperative ALB, operation time and other factors. Conclusion The prognosis of KOA patients undergoing TKA treatment is affected by many factors. According to the possible influencing factors, targeted measures are taken to intervene, which is beneficial to improve the prognosis of patients