To study the effect of glutamine-supplemented enteral nutrition on the secretion of tumor necrosis factor -α (TNF-α) and Th17 cell in the rats with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods 0.5 mL 100 mg/kg dose 2, 4, 6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) ethanol solution (mass ratio 50%) was colon perfused with 0.5 mL, one-time, to construct IBD rats model. Rats were divided into normal group, model group, experimental group and control group. The normal group and the model group were fed with basic feed; the control group rats were added 100 mL/kg of Peptisorb (short-peptide enteral nutrition preparation) suspension as the basic feed, and the experimental group rats were added 100 mL/kg of Peptisorb and 0. 5g/kg glutamine as the basic feed. After 7 days of intervention, the animals were sacrificed. The kits were used to detect the content of TNF-α and interleukin-17F (IL-17F) in the serum.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in colon tissue. Flow cytometry was used to detect in Th17 cells of rats colon tissue. Results Compared with the normal group, the contents of TNF-α and IL-17F in the serum, the expression levels of MPO, and the cell count of Th17 in the model group, the experimental group and control group, were significantly increased (all P＜0.05). Compared with the model group, the content of TNF-α, IL-17F in the serum, the expression levels of MPO, and the cell count of Th17 in the experimental group and control group were significantly decreased (all P＜0.05). Compared with control group, the content of TNF-α, IL-17F in the serum, the expression levels of MPO, and the cell count of Th17 in the experimental group were significantly decreased (all P＜0.05). Conclusion The glutamine combined with enteral nutrition support obviously could help to improve the symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease rats, which may be achieved by inhibiting the inflammatory stress of rats and regulating the immune response of their colon tissues.