To investigate the potential clinical value of SOX10 in diagnosis of Triple negative basal-like breast cancer.Methods A total of 171 tissue samples of breast cancer were collected from Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2019 to December 2019. All patients were divided into Triple negative basal-like type, Triple negative non-basal-like type, Luminal A type, Luminal B HER2 negative type, Luminal B HER2 positive type and HER2 positive type according to immunohistochemical results. All samples were tested for SOX10 immunohistochemistry. The correlation between SOX10 expression and molecular subtypes was performed. The specificity and sensitivity of SOX10 were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results The expressions rate of SOX10 inTriple negative basal-like type, Triple negative non-basal-like type, Luminal A type, Luminal B HER2 negative type, Luminal B HER2 positive type and HER2 positive type were 80.9% (38/47), 42.9% (3/7), 0.0% (0/28), 0.0% (0/44), 0.0% (0/17), 3.7% (1/28), respectively. SOX10 expression was significantly increased in Triple negative basal-like breast cancer compared with other molecular subtypes (80.9% vs.3.2%, P＜0.005). The area under the ROC curve of SOX10 for the diagnosis of Triple negative basal-like breast cancer was 0.888.Conclusion SOX10 was expressed highly and specifically in Triple negative basal-like breast cancer, which may be a diagnostic indicator and potential therapeutic target of this disease