he inhibitory effect of salvianolic acid B on oral cancer in mice was studied by Ctsk/STAT3 axis. Methods Mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, salvianolic acid B low-dose group (10 mg·kg+1), salvianolic acid B high-dose group (40 mg·kg+1) and positive drug group (4 mg·kg+1 cisplatin), with 20 mice in each group. HE staining was used to observe oral cheek pouch mucosal tissue, Brd U immunohistochemical method was used to observe oral mucosal cell proliferation index, and the levels of pro-inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β, VEGF and HIF-1α were compared. Ctsk, STAT3, SOCS3 mRNA and Ctsk, STAT3, p-STAT3, SOCS3 protein expression were compared. Results Compared with control group, the levels of IL-6, IL-1β, VEGF and HIF-1α, Ctsk mRNA and protein, p-STAT3 protein and SOCS3 mRNA and protein were increased in model group (P＜0.05). Compared with model group, SOCS3 mRNA and protein levels, pathological degree of simple hyperplasia, mild dysplasia, severe dysplasia, squamous cell carcinoma, Brd U cell proliferation index, IL-6, IL-1β, VEGF, HIF-1α levels in low and high dose salvianacid B groups and positive drug group were increased. The levels of Ctsk mRNA and protein and p-STAT3 protein were decreased (P＜0.05). Compared with low-dose salvianolic acid B group, SOCS3 mRNA and protein levels, pathological degree of simple hyperplasia, mild dysplasia, severe dysplasia, squamous cell carcinoma, Brd U cell proliferation index, IL-6, IL-1β, VEGF, HIF-1α levels were increased in high-dose salvianolic acid B group and positive drug group. The levels of Ctsk mRNA and protein and p-STAT3 protein were decreased (P＜0.05). Compared with salvianol B high-dose group, SOCS3 mRNA and protein levels, pathological degree of simple hyperplasia, mild dysplasia, severe dysplasia, squamous cell carcinoma, Brd U cell proliferation index, IL-6, IL-1β, VEGF, HIF-1α levels in positive drug group were increased. The levels of Ctsk mRNA and protein and p-STAT3 protein were decreased (P＜0.05). HE results showed that different pathological phenomena of cheek pouch mucosa in low and high dose salvianolic acid B group and positive drug group were improved compared with model group, and the improvement was obvious in high dose salvianolic acid B group and positive drug group. Conclusion The inhibitory effect of salvianolic acid B on oral cancer in mice may be mediated by the expression of Ctsk/STAT3 axis related mRNA and protein.