Objective To study the relationship between changes of plantar pressure and nerve conduction, metabolic indexes in patients with diabetes mellitus and peripheral neuropathy. Methods A total of 93 patients with diabetes mellitus and peripheral neuropathy treated in the hospital were retrospectively enrolled from September 2019 to January 2021. According to presence or absence of diabetic foot (DF), they were divided into group A (n=43,DF) and group B (n=50, non-DF). Other 45 healthy controls during the same period were enrolled as group C. The peak pressure values of different plantar areas ［first metatarsal (M1), second metatarsal (M2), third metatarsal (M3), fourth metatarsal (M4), fifth metatarsal (M5), medial heel (HM), lateral heel (HL), mid-foot (MF), first toe (T1), second to fifth toes (T2-T5)］, conduction rates ［motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV)］ of median nerve, ulnar nerve and common peroneal nerve, levels of blood glucose indexes ［fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2h postprandial blood glucose (2hPBG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)］ and blood lipid metabolism indexes ［total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)］ were compared among group A, B and C. The correlation between plantar pressure and nerve conduction, metabolic indexes in patients with diabetes mellitus and peripheral neuropathy was analyzed by Person correlation coefficients. Results The peak pressure values of left and right feet at M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, HM, HL and T1-T5 were the highest in group A, followed by group B and group C (P＜0.05). MNCV and SNCV of median nerve, ulnar nerve and common peroneal nerve were the highest in group C, followed by group B and group A (P＜0.05). The levels of FBG, 2hPBG, HbA1c and TG in group A and group B were higher than those in group C. The levels of FBG, 2hPBG, HbA1c, TG and LDL-C in group A were higher than those in group B (P＜0.05). The results of Person correlation analysis showed that peak pressure values of left and right feet at M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, HM, HL and T1-T5 were negatively correlated with nerve conduction velocity (P＜0.05), while positively correlated with FBG, 2hPBG, HbA1c, TG and LDL-C (P＜0.05). Conclusion Except for mid-foot, peak pressure values at most areas in patients with diabetes mellitus and peripheral neuropathy are higher than those in normal people, which are negatively correlated nerve conduction velocity, while positively correlated with blood glucose, TG, LDL-C and other blood lipid metabolism indexes.