Objective To explore the predictive value of N/LPR for 28-day death of AECOPD patients. Methods The case data of 169 AECOPD patients who visited our hospital from February 2018 to October 2020 were selected for research. Collect general data such as gender and age of the patients and the neutrophil count, lymphocyte count and platelet count at the time of enrollment, and calculate the NLR and N/LPR respectively. The patients were divided into survival group and death group according to the 28-day survival status, and the general information and laboratory examination indexes of the two groups were compared. The ROC analysis method was used to evaluate the predictive value of NLR and N/LPR on 28d survival of AECOPD patients. Results Among the 169 patients included, 35 died within 28 days, and the 28-day mortality rate was 20.71%. There was no significant difference in gender, age, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease course, smoking history, drinking history, and the number of patients with sepsis between the two groups (P＞0.05). The neutrophil count, NLR, N/LPR, APACHEⅡ score, and PaCO2 in the death group were higher than those in the survival group, while the lymphocyte count, platelet count and PaO2 were lower than those in the survival group, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). Correlation analysis results showed that neutrophil count, NLR, N/LPR, PaCO2 were positively correlated with APACHE Ⅱ score (r＞0, P＜0.05), lymphocyte count, platelet count, PaO2 and APACHE Ⅱ score were negatively correlated r＜0, P＜0.05). The cutoff value of NLR was 14.28, sensitivity was 71.42%, specificity was 78.36%, area under curve (AUC) was 0.766, 95% CI: 0.691~0.842, AUC lower than N / LPR was 0.916, 95% CI: 0.869~0.963. When the cutoff value of NLR was 17.13, sensitivity was 85.71%, specificity was 86.57%. Conclusion N/LPR can be used to predict the 28-day death of AECOPD patients and its predictive value is higher than NLR.