Biomaterials are needed for spinal fusion reconstruction. However, there is still a great gap in terms of osteogenic activity, osteoconduction and osteoinduction between the present spinal fusion materials and autograft bone, which is the “gold standard” materials. The article was expound from three different aspects: the unstructured materials, osteoinduction materials and structured reconstruction materials. We reviewed the research history and application status of different spinal fusion materials that widely used in clinical, analyzed the problems and flaws, and then pointed the direction of future development. We hope the spinal fusion materials will being improved along with the progress in material science, and finally improving the clinical effect of spinal fusion.