Objective To explore the effect of Live Combined Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus Tablets on the microinflammatory state and intestinal microflora in end-stage renal disease(ESRD) patients. Methods 180 ESRD patients treated in our hospital from February 2019 to February 2021 were employed as research subjects，the odd-numbered individuals were included in the experimental group(90 cases) and the even-numbered individuals in the control group(90 cases)according to the odd-even order of visit. Patients in control group was treated with routine treatment and hemodialysis, in the experimental group, Live Combined Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus Tablets were added based on this. Plasma biochemical indicators and inflammatory factors in pre and post treatment of two groups, as well as richness, diversity and composition of fecal flora were comparatively analyzed. Results 3 cases and 5 cases were respectively lost to follow up in the experimental group and control group, finally 87 cases and 85 cases were in included respectively; After treatment, there were not statistical difference between experimental group and control group in blood urea nitrogen(BUN), serum creatinine(SCr), β2-microglobulin(β2-MG), uric acid, parathyroid hormone, cystatin C（Cys-C）（P＞0.05）; However, the interleukin（IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor（TNF）-α in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group, IL-10 in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group（all P＜0.05）; After treatment, Chao1, ACE, Shannon and Simpson index in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group（P＜0.05）; Bacteroides, Streptococcus, Ruminococcaceae, Anaerotruncus, Fusobacteria were predominant in the intestinal flora before treatment in both groups, Bifidobacterium, Prevotellaceae, Lactobacillus, Feacalibacterium, Parabacteroides were predominant in the intestinal flora after treatment in the experimental group. Conclusion Live Combined Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus Tablets improve the abundance and diversity of intestinal flora in ESRD patients, reducing the microinflammatory state of patients.