【Abstract】 With the development of society and technology， the life expectancy of the population has been generally extended， the aging popolation has been increasing， and the health status of the elderly arouses great concern in society. Due to the lack of effective diagnosis and treatment procedures， alleviating and reversing dementia have been one of the important directions in aging diseases. The causal relationship of dementia to neurodegenerative changes in the aging nervous system is controversial， but there is a clear correlation between the two. Changes in neuronal metabolism， structure， functional status and microenvironment during aging are closely related to the occurrence and development of dementia， and age is an important risk factor for dementia. Dementia is one of the important diseases afflicting the elderly population.