Muscle relaxation is one of the major three elements of clinical anesthesia. Moderate neuromuscular blockade (mNMB) is able to meet the needs of routine surgical procedure，while deep neuromuscular blockade (dNMB) could provide better surgical operation conditions. With the progression of minimally invasive surgery and delicate operation，and with the increasing demand of the safety of airway management Infectious disease，dNMB’s scope of utilization has been broadened. This paper summarizes the research development of dNMB in Clinical，and prevention of potential complications.