Objective To investigate the correlation of serum Cystatin C (Cyst-C) and urine microalbumin (mA1b) with pathological grade in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis (HSPN). Methods 112 children with HSPN admitted to the hospital were selected as the research subjects between February 2018 and February 2021. According to renal pathological classification，the children were divided into ≤Ⅱa group (28 cases)，Ⅱb group (31 cases)，Ⅲa group (30 cases)，and ≥Ⅲb group (23 cases). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the Cyst-C level，and immunoturbidimetry was used to detect the mA1b level. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship of Cyst-C and mA1b with renal pathological grade. Results Serum Cyst-C and urine mA1b levels showed statistically significant differences between children with different renal pathological grades (P<0.05)，and increased with the increase of pathological grades (P<0.05). Cyst-C and mA1b were positively correlated with renal pathological grade (r1=0.969，r2=0.981). Conclusion With the increase of renal pathological grade in HSPN children，the levels of blood cyst-c and urinary mca1b also increased，which can reflect the severity of renal injury to some extent.