Objective To research the expression of thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) and its role in cervical cancer.Methods Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of Trx1 in 3 pairs of cervical cancer tissues and adjacent tissues. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the level of staphylococcal nuclease and tudor domain containing 1(SND1) which was closely related to cervical cancer in 3 pairs of cervical cancer tissues and adjacent tissues. The levels and subcellular localization of Trx1were detected by immunohistochemical staining (IHC) in cervical cancer. Fluorescence microscope analysis was used to observe the expression and co-location between Trx1 and HLA-DR in cervical cancer cells.Results The protein levels of Trx1 were significantly higher in cervical cancer tissues. The mRNAs levels of SND1 were significantly increased in cervical cancer tissues. The IHC results showed that the expression of Trx1 was higher in cervical cancer tissues and localized in cytoplasm. We found that Trx1 was co-localized with HLA-DR in cervical cancer cells (P<0.05). Conclusion Trx1 is significantly increased in cervical cancer and co-localizes with HLA-DR in cytoplasm.