Objective To analyze and compare the application value of pressure control+synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (PCV+SIMV) model， volume target pressure control + synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (VTPC+SIMV) model in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS).Methods The clinical data of 86 children patients with NRDS who underwent mechanical ventilation in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Among them， 45 cases were ventilated with VTPC+SIMV model (VTPC group) and 41 cases were ventilated with PCV+SIMV model (PCV group). The use of pulmonary surfactant (PS)， mechanical ventilation time， oxygen inhalation time after mechanical ventilation and hospital stay were recorded in the two groups， and the blood gas analysis indexes ［arterial partial pressure of blood oxygen (PaO2)， arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2)］ before mechanical ventilation and after 6 h of ventilation and respiratory mechanics indexes ［pulmonary dynamic compliance (Crs)， alveolar artery partial pressure difference (PA-aO2)， respiratory index (RI)］ after 6h and 24h of mechanical ventilation were compared between the two groups. The correlation between blood gas analysis indexes and respiratory mechanics indexes after 6 h of mechanical ventilation was analyzed， and the occurrence of complications were recorded in the two groups.Results The number of PS use， mechanical ventilation time， oxygen inhalation time after mechanical ventilation and hospital stay in VTPC group were lower than those in PCV group (P<0.05). After 6 h of mechanical ventilation， the PaO2 in the two groups was higher than that before ventilation (P<0.05)， and the index in VTPC group was higher than that in PCV group (P<0.05). The PaCO2 was lower than that before ventilation (P<0.05)， and the index in VTPC group was lower than that in PCV group (P<0.05). After 24 h of mechanical ventilation， the Crs in the two groups was higher than that after 6 h of mechanical ventilation (P<0.05) while the PA-aO2 and RI were lower than those after 6 h of mechanical ventilation (P<0.05). After 6h and 24h of mechanical ventilation， the Crs in VTPC group was higher than that in PCV group (P<0.05) while the PA-aO2 and RI were lower than those in PCV group (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that PaO2 after 6 h of mechanical ventilation was significantly positively correlated with Crs (P<0.05)， and was significantly negatively correlated with PA-aO2 and RI (P<0.05). PaCO2 was significantly negatively correlated with Crs (P<0.05)， and was significantly positively correlated with PA-aO2 and RI (P<0.05). The total incidence rate of complications in VTPC group was lower than that in PCV group (P<0.05).Conclusion In NRDS treatment， compared with PCV+SIMV model， VTPC+SIMV model has higher efficacy and safety， and is an ideal lung protective ventilation model.