Objective To investigate the gene expression of P38， TGF-β1 and BMP-7 in liver tissues of patients with vesicular liver echinococcosis and their significance.Methods From September 2017 to November 2018， 40 patients with vesicular hepatic echinococcosis diagnosed in the echinococcosis area of Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital were collected for postoperative liver tissue resection. The collection sites were liver tissue from the edge of the lesion， within 2 cm from the lesion， and > 2 cm from the lesion. According to HE staining and Masson staining results， according to Knodell liver fibrosis scoring standard， the fibrosis of samples in different parts were graded， and the expressions of P38， TGF-β1 and BMP-7 in different fibrosis groups were determined by RT-PCR.ResultsThe relative expression levels of TGF-β1 in S1， S2 and S3 groups were (6.74±2.36）， （8.97±2.60) and (11.57±2.22)， respectively， with statistical significance (P<0.05). The relative expression levels of P38 in S1， S2 and S3 groups were (3.92±1.80)， (6.51±3.16) and (9.26±2.84）， respectively， with statistical significance (P<0.05). The relative expression levels of BMP-7 in S， S2 and S3 groups were (5.58±1.52 )， (8.79±2.41) and (3.91±1.59)， respectively， and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The relative expression level of TGF-β1 was positively correlated with P38 (r=0.566， P<0.01). The relative expression level of TGF-β1 was negatively correlated with BMP-7 (r=-0.349 P<0.05).ConclusionTGF-β1 can promote liver fibrosis by transduction of TGF-β1 biological signal through p38MAPK mediated pathway. There may be a dynamic equilibrium relationship between the abnormal expression of BMP-7 and TGF-β1 in the liver tissue of vesicular liver hydatid fibrosis， and the imbalance of expression may aggravate the evolution and development of vesicular liver fibrosis.