Objective This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of anemia among infants and young children under three (6-36months) in north of Kangzang Plateau and provide evidence-based medicine basis for the prevention and treatment of anemia in infants and young children in Tibetan Plateau Areas. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with infants and young children aged 6 to 36 months who visited the outpatient clinic in Kangbei Regional Medical Center (The People's Hospital of Ganzi) between January and December 2019. The demographic characteristics, birth information, anemia-related indicators, feeding style, complementary foods, anemia in late pregnancy, as well as the educational level and religious beliefs of caregivers were assessed. Univariate and multivariable analyses were used to describe the associations between anemia and independent variables. Results A total of 1,012 infants and young children were collected. Among these, 634 were eligible. The prevalence of anemia among infants and young children in north of Kangzang Plateau was 60.9%, with iron deficiency anemia accounts for 54.4% of the total anemia population. Infants aged 6-12 months old were high risk of anemia. Age, sex, race, feeding style, and the educational level of caregivers were independently associated with anemia among infants and young children (P＜0.05). Whereas, there were no significant differences between the anemia among infants and young children and the added time, type, and quantity of supplementary food, birthweight, anemia in late pregnancy, number of children in family, and religious beliefs of caregivers (P＞0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of anemia among infants and young children in north of Kangzang Plateau was relatively high. Age, sex, race, feeding style, and the educational level of caregivers were the main predictors for anemia in early childhood in this population. More prevention and control measures are needed to improve anemia among infants and young children in the region.