Objective To investigate the effect of anxiety on mild cognitive function of elder population by using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.Methods 15 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients with anxiety (MCI＋), 29 MCI patients without anxiety (MCI－) and 21 normal control (NC) were enrolled in this study. Each participant required to complete a set of systematic neuropsychological assessments and rs-fMRI acquisition.The differences in neuropsychological scale and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation(ALFF) among the three groups and between the MCI＋ and the MCI－groups were calculated. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient between ALFF value and neuropsychological scale score were analyzed and calculated.Results Significant differences were found among three groups in the scores of the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment Basic, delayed recall scores (N5) and recognition scores (N7) of Auditory Verb Learn Test-Huashan Version (AVLT-H), Boston Naming Testing (BNT) and Shape Trails Test (STT) A＆B. The MMSE and AVLT-H N7 scores in MCI＋ group were significantly higher than those in MCI－ group. The ALFF results showed that the ALFF values of the left inferior occipital gyrus and the right superior parietal lobule were significantly different among the three groups. Compared with the MCI－group, the ALFF in the MCI＋ group was significantly decreased in the left precuneus, left posterior cingulate cortex, left superior temporal gyrus, and right medial superior frontal gyrus; which was significantly increased in the right inferior parietal lobule and the right superior parietal lobule. Correlation analysis showed that the ALFF values of the right inferior parietal lobule in the MCI＋ group were significantly negatively correlated with STTB scores.Conclusion Compared with the MCI－patients, MCI＋ patients have worse cognitive function, especially in terms of overall cognitive function and memory function. The abnormal spontaneous neural activity and functional connections of anxiety-related brain regions in MCI＋ patients may be related to their neuropathological mechanism.