Objective To study the curative effect of endostar combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its influences on peripheral blood circulating tumor cells (CTC), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels and 3-year survival. Methods A total of 104 NSCLC patients who were diagnosed and treated in the hospital from June 2015 to September 2017 were enrolled as the research objects. According to the treatment plans, they were divided into control group (49 cases, concurrent chemoradiotherapy) and treatment group (55cases, endostar combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy). The levels of peripheral blood CTC, VEGF and erum tumor markers before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. The proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells, and adverse reactions were observed. They were followed up for 3 years after chemotherapy to statistically analyze the survival.Results There was no significant difference in positive rate of CTC or VEGF level in peripheral blood between the two groups before treatment (P＞0.05), which were lower in treatment group than control group after treatment (P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in levels of serum tumor markers between the two groups before treatment (P＞0.05). There were no significant differences in levels of high mobility group protein AT-hook2 (HMGA2), HMGBI and programmed cell death molecule 5 (PDCD5) between the two groups before treatment (P＞0.05). After treatment, the level of HMGA2 and HMGBI in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the level of PDCD5 was significantly higher than that in the control group (P＜0.05). The 3-year survival rate and survival in treatment group were higher than those in control group (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion The application of endostar combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy in NSCLC patients can reduce levels of peripheral blood CTC and VEGF, inhibit proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells, improve curative effect without increasing adverse reactions, and prolong 3-year survival.