【Abstract】 Objective To study the expression of thioredoxin (Trx) and thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) in colon polyps, colon adenoma and colon cancer and explore the role of Trx and TXNIP in the carcinogenesis of colon polyps. Methods 20 cases of colonic polyps (colonic polyps group), 40 cases of colonic adenomas (colonic adenomas group), 20 cases of colon cancer (colon cancer group) and 20 cases of normal colon (normal colon group) were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from January 2019 to October 2019. The contents of serum TRX and TXNIP were detected by ELISA, and the activity of serum TRX was detected by insulin reduction method, The morphology of each tissue was observed by hematoxylin eosin staining (HE). The expressions of TRX and TXNIP were detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of TRX mRNA and TXNIP mRNA were detected by real time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results Compared with the normal colon group, the Trx content and activity in the serum of colon adenoma patients and colon cancer patients were significantly increased, the TXNIP content in the serum of colon polyps, colon adenoma and colon cancer patients was significantly lower than that in the normal colon group, the difference is statistically significant. Academic significance (P＜0.05). The positive expression rate of Trx in colon adenoma tissue and colon cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in normal colon tissue, while the positive expression rate of TXNIP was significantly lower than normal colon tissue, the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). Compared with normal colon tissue, the expression level of Trx mRNA in colon polyp tissue, colon adenoma tissue and colon cancer tissue was significantly up regulated, and the expression level of TXNIP mRNA was significantly downregulated, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression of Trx and TXNIP in the carcinogenesis of colon polyps gradually increases, and they participate in the occurrence and development of colon precancerous lesions and cancer tissues. Both of them play an important role in the carcinogenesis of colon polyps.