Objective To analyze the current situation of arteriovenous fistula self-care behavior in maintenance hemodialysis patients, to explore its influencing factors and to evaluate the importance. Methods A crosssectional survey of 534 maintenance hemodialysis patients in 8 hospital hemodialysis centers in Luzhou area was carried out according to the hospital grade using stratified cluster sampling. General information questionnaire, arteriovenous fistula self-care behavior scale (ASBHD-AVF) and psychological resilience scale (Connor-David-son Resilience Scale, CD-RISC) for hemodialysis patients were used to investigate the status of their arteriovenous fistula self-care behavior And influencing factors, the random forest model is used to evaluate the importance of influencing factors.Results The total score for self-care of arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients was (61.30±13.85) points; the score for symptoms and signs management was (50.71±11.93) points, and the score for complication prevention was (10.64±3.39) points. Random forest model analysis results show that the number of dialysis per week, education level, and psychological flexibility are important factors that affect the management of arteriovenous fistula symptoms and signs of hemodialysis patients; education level, medical payment method, and residence location affect hemodialysis patients An important factor in the preventionof complications. Conclusion The scores of self-care of arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients are at a moderate level, with the highest scores for symptom and sign management and the lowest scores for complications prevention.The number of dialysis per week, education level, medical payment method, psychological flexibility and residence location are important factors influencing the self-care behavior of arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients.