Objective To study the expression and clinical significance of autophagy related protein anti-tubule related protein 1 (microtubule-associated protein 1light chain 3,LC3) and Beclin 1 in peripheral blood of children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP). Methods In this prospective study, blood samples of children with mild and severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and peripheral blood of healthy children were collected from January 2019 to May 2020 in Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital. White blood cells were isolated. The expression levels of LC3II, LC3I and Beclin 1 in white blood cells were detected by Western blot, and the LC3II/I ratio was calculated. Serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α（ TNF-α） were detected by ELISA. The expression levels of the above indexes in the serum of the three groups were compared, and the correlation between autophagy and cytokines was analyzed. 〖WTHZ〗Results〖WTBZ〗 A total of 50 cases were included in the MPP group, including 28 cases of mild disease, 22 cases of severe disease and 25 cases of control group. The proportion of autophagy related protein LC3II/I and the expression of Beclin1 in peripheral blood leukocytes of mild and severe MPP groups were higher than those of control group, and the expression of autophagy related protein LC3II/I in severe MPP group was higher than that of mild MPP group (P＜0.05). The expression of IL-6 and TNF-6 in mild MPP group and severe MPP group α The levels of IL-6 and TN-6 in MPP group were higher than those in control group α The difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). Autophagy related protein LC3II/I ratio, Beclin1 expression and IL-6, TNF-α There was a positive correlation between them P＜0.05). Conclusion Autophagy occurs in peripheral leukocytes in MPP, wihch is related to the degree of illness, the more serious the disease, the higher the degree of autophagy. The inflammatory response is obvious when Cytokines increases in MP. Autophagy and cytokines are positively correlated, suggesting that MP autophagy affects the changes of cytokine, thus affecting disease severity.