【Abstract】Objective To analyze the establishment of skin/muscle incision and retraction model in mice and the effect of dexmedetomidine on pain behavior. Methods 22 healthy male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into sham operated group (skin/muscle incision without pulling) and experimental group (skin/muscle incision and retraction). On the 1st day before operation and the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 10th, 14th and 21st day after operation, the threshold of mechanical foot contraction reflex and latent period of thermal foot contraction were detected by pain behavior to evaluate whether the model was successful. In addition, healthy male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into sham operation group and experimental group. The method of modeling was the same as the above. The mechanical pain threshold was tested one day before operation. Then, the experimental group was injected with 09% sodium chloride injection and different doses of right metomidine (050 μg/kg, 2 μg/kg, 10 μg/kg) intraperitoneally to observe the effect of drugs on touch induced pain in model mice. Results Compared with the sham operation group, the mechanical pain threshold of the experimental group decreased significantly at the first day after operation, and continued to 10 days after operation, and then increased until the preoperative level was restored at 21 days after operation (P＜005). There was no statistical significance between the two groups at different time points before and after operation (P＞005). There was no significant difference in the mechanical pain threshold between the sham operation group and the sham operation group (P＞005). There was no significant difference in the mechanical pain threshold between the experimental group and the pretreatment group (P＞005) after 30 minutes of administration of dexmedetomidine (050 μg/kg, 2 μg/kg); the mechanical pain threshold of the experimental group after 30 minutes of administration of dexmedetomidine (10 μg/kg) was significantly higher than that before administration (P＜005). Conclusion It is simple, convenient, safe, effective, feasible and stable to construct the model of persistent postoperative pain by skin/muscle incision and retraction in mice, and dexmedetomidine can effectively alleviate the touch induced pain in the model mice.